Method of and means for correcting for alternating-current electromagnetic induction and for alternating-current earth potential.



' J. w. MILNOR. METHOD .OF AND MEANS FOR CORRECTING FOR ALTERNATING CURRENT ELECTRU MAGNETIC mnucnou AND FOIRIALTERNATING CURRENT EARTH POTENTIAL.

APPLICATION (HL ED MAR.10. 191T- Patented Jan. 29, 1918. I 2 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

fr m...

. A HORNE) J. W. MILNOR.- METHOD OF AND MEANS FOR CORRECTING FOR ALTERNATING CURRENT ELECTROMAGNETIC INDUCTION AND FOR ALTERNATING CURRENT EARTH POTENTIAL.

I APPLICATION FILED MAR. 10. I911 w I 1 ,254 83 1' Patented Jan. 29, 1 918.

2 sums-sum 2 N INVENTOR mom/ r v j UNITEDSTATES PATENT OFFICE;

mama w. mama, 01 NEW YORK, 2; 1b., ssum ng T min vms'nsmw unzon. mm:- Gmmz CIQMPIANY, or msw omc, n. Y., A cpnrqnawmzwaor NE 12031:.

1121 301) or um nuns 013.- commcmma FOB iulmxmAmms-dmnmE EcmwmAqN s nIc mmrcmon AND EOR ALTERNATINGLCURBENT EARTH POTENTIAL,

Sguoifica tiqn of Letters Patent.

Batgnted Jan. 29, 1918.

Apylipafiox filed Karel: 10, 1917. Serial No. 153,825.

T all wlwgn. it may cangern:

Be it knmvu that l, (loam-u W. Minion, a cirjzgu of the United States of Amvica, and uflr'psi'dnt of New York, in the co intyof 5 New "York and State bf New York, have inmntvrl ce 'l-ain new nintl useful Methods of and ll lqgins for .orl ecl'iug' for Altai-mating- (lui'rnt Electromagnetic Induction and for Alternating Currnc Earth- Poteixtinl, of which the 'follcm'ingis ;v specification.-

My invention relgltes'to'u method of and means fo'r correcting fopaltex x'mting cuvrent electromagnetic induction and for aliemat i -ig purrnt; earth dtntinis in systems 01'. electrical communication, such fan.- example as telegmph :incl'telvphone systems, and as 8; mollmcl umriprjses upplyin :1 conecting p0 tbutiul equal in voltage. unc l'uequgmcy' to the (liygtuubing in'flueiic, withlauto nqtic variation n1" snll crr'rrectzin'g pqtenunl in phase 51ml in value, as circumstances may require; alsn' tlwr features as hereinafter described umlparticularly PUiIltBd-Qllt in the appended claims. As an appamtns, my invantmn mmprisus rii ez'auinincluding alternating current gfillkflfiillLOfS and automatic pegulatihg de ines .tliei'e'fn io'r- :r-pplying'to-tl e cdmmunication 'ziircnit mcircuits :1. correcfting potential of .ppqpvl millage, phase, and fie-q 'le cy; also 'Ql'lwr fgm-turus z sjlireiml-ftep de'sqrilmgl gmcl iig -t-ic llzii'ly pointml'qui; lIl'T-lle appended (claims.

' jlllQ-Oljifitlt-S-Qf 111]! invcqfim are tn avoid clistiirlga-img-s inl-he'n elfatiml of tel mph ncl uthe systems" (if cminnu'nlcawims, ue/tn alum n lglingtig; 'il-ulncl' inn flqmneighboring utllifltl llnfll'l current-cimqitaqr gauetntqrslqr the-l .03; 01 -11110 tn Llillfllll nte tigil. disturb.- M1 Wingmgrrpllt character and lisli Hgv 'iil lnfgrgibject-by simple and and mum xt-ie mama L m glgzsngibe inlxyipven-f iimj" \V'ii'll "referee! r; lip-the ilcgzompzmying gl 'lm i [gs;-\i'l|'ic1\-il- Sfililbx'it vouits aliflz ppl his mm-[lying the u bargitus, :ywrtiun. of my ip 'mi'thnr imI Ml pLQcl fofr c-uftyi-ng out the lllll'll illl pbl'li011(if my ini'm ti'ogi'. 'In"il1e saidlia\i*ings'z" Figure: 1 is w tliqgiiuu illustrating one method of and 1116 1113 for applying-untreatiogi for 'Llislinvbnnuw due to klctromqignetic induction: I I Fi'g. 2. is; fmgmentary diagram ,illustvating the use of ,ope commutator or rotary rectifier only, for the two controlling relays Iier'e designated Fig.3 1s a diagram illustrating the driving 0f the correcting generuto'r, and its (zommutator 01- mtary rectlfier, by a s 'nchtonous motor direct. from the source ofd lstuvbanoe, and indicating the connection-of the correcting apparatus to the terminal bus-bur of the system of communication, and ing the use ofthe correctlnn apparatus Lncmupensating for alternating mirrant ground disturbance.

Fig. l is a diagram illustrating a simpliflag arrangement of cmri'ection apparatus, an

Fl '5 is another diagram i1l|1strating a simplified co'rrection' apparatus whe rgiu the correctly; source 0 disburbanca and wherein'the our:

rent fun the o era (ion of the field 'CORtITOl. lG L- lay is (iQI lYBL from a transformer.

In Flg. 1, numerals 12 desi gnaw-communiby numerals. 134 and 135'-..

generator s driven from the cation Wires n1- conducwrs, exposed to inter ference from an nvltern'aling'ilurrent circuit 3, and 11 designates g1 feonfa a1 wife, forming a part; -f'tlm porrect-ing system herein descyibed, and which may be supposed. m be czlm'led upon the sqmg pole line as conductors 12, or otherwise nsmciavted with the conductprs 12 as to be expqsed to the influence of tzhg allmmating curmnt circuit-3 to sub signlsially' the 531116 extent and in snbstam tzally the Same manner as are mnductors 12. It is (10 be ngibegl' that the :fitemat-i g' currgnt; disturbance may, and often will, h ccmfined to a partial nlybf the total length of c nductors 12, and theijefure in 'gcneml a contra], wire 11' is requixretl only in the r gi n in whichxthe disturban may e i t In Fig.1 thg su'rangammlt shown is adapted for imrqducm correction at. some/intermedigta point in e'conductars 12. In annthe figure an armngamel t slmwn fur intro.- clucil ig correction at terminal points of .tems of cmnmunicati Q11.

-1 and :2 desigimte earlliiug points of control conductor, 11; 4, and 5 designate ulterimt-mg current correcting generators, whlch are to be understomlv as to be driven at 2L sized appropriate to. a ut, the frcquengy o the-cli'stu-i'bing otentiaLgeliemtol-s 4 and 5 preferably ifarnduce currents of' the influence oi the current generated by gel'ierators 4 and 5 is transferred to conductors 11 and 12, by induction.

154 and 155 designate con'nnutators or rotary rectifiers, correspcmding to and driven at proportional speed with relation to, corrooting generators 4 and 5 respectively. 134 and 135 are controlling polar relays. and 114 and 145 are associated and cooperating polar relays; relays 134 and 144 corresponding to commutator 154 and generator 4. and relays 135 and 145 corresponding to conunutator 155 and generator 5. Current in conductor 11 passes through the brush of conmiutator 154 to he segments of that. crunuiutator and through conductors 1'74 and 18-4, as the case may he, and magnet coils 8- of relay 134 or relay 135, as the case may be, and thence through conductor 175 or 185, as the case may be, through the segments and brush of commutator 155 and thence on through said conductor 11. Besides magnet coils 8, .relays 134 and 135 have other magnet coils 9. in a circuit 10 connected to the armature of the corresponding associated relay, 144' or 145, and thence passing, through the one or the other of the two opposed contact steps of such relay, and through the one or the other of the two opposed batteries 13, back to such relay coil 9. Relays 144 and 145 are, in turn, controlled by the contacts of relays 134 and 135, respectively, through opposed batteries 1.4.. It will be clear that each set of associated relays 1-34 and 144, (yr-135 and 145, constitutes a self-vibratory arrange ment wherein the armatures of the two relays of each set are kept in rapid vibration, under control, however, of the magnet coils 8 of relays 134 and 135. Suitable regulating resistancesand condensers are provided in connection with said relays.

lfi'and '17 designate the fields of generators 4 and 5 respectively; to which fields current is supplied from batteries 13 through the contact points and armature of the cor' responding relay, 144 or 145, respectively, Since the two batteries 13 of each set are opposed, '5. e, are connected in circuit oppositely, it will be clear that as each relay, 144 or 145, operates. current; llllptllSfiSOf alternately opposite direction will be transmitted through the corresponding generator field coil, iii or 17; and that energization of either field, in one sense or the other, will be prolonged if the armature of the corresponding relay, 144 or 145, linger against one or the other of its stops, so permitting the voltage of the generator to which that field belongs to build up. Such lingering of the arma tures of relays 144 and 145 will be caused by lingering of the armature of the corresponding relay, 134 or 135, under the influence of current in conductor 11 passing through magnet coil 8.

Resistanees 18 and 19 are provided, in shunt with respect to field coils 16 and 17, respectively, to avoidor reduce sparking at the relay contact points and to permit current to flow in such generator field coils in and '17 while the armatures of the corre sponding relays are traveling across from one contact to the other.

The operation of the system as so far described is as follows:

It generators 4 and 5 are generating each the proper voltage to neutralize the disturbance experienced from induction from circuit 3, their current so generated, passing through the primary 6 of transformer fi--7.

will induce in the secondaries 70f that trans former currrents which will neutralize the disturbance from circuit 3, and no current will flow in magnet coils 8 of relays 134 and 135. If, however, the correction is not complete, then a current due to the disturbai'iee will How in conductor 11 through coils 8 of said relays. The commutators 154 and 155 partially or completely rectify this current, so that the coils 8 of relay 134, or of relay 135, or of both of said relays, receive a pulsating current which tends to hold the armature of the corresponding relay against one circuits 11 and 12 of a voltage oscillation.

due to a species of hunting action of the generators 4 and 5 themselves. But for the vibratory action of these relay-s, each generator, when its field coil is excited, might increase its voltage until, as a result'of overcorrection of the disturbance, it itself introduced a disturbance; whereupon the voltage produced by the generator would decreaseand roba'bly too far; whereupon another building up of voltage would begin. But the vibratory action of the relays prevents this. such vibration being at a into very much in excess of the period of the voltage oscillatiou due to the hunting action of the genemtors, so. that eachgeneretor has no opportunity {:0 build up a material Voltage unless the i i-mature of the corresponding relay, 13$ oi- 135, is held in contact, with'qne of its "corresponding stops, under control of the It is of'course possible 'to use one commu: can 15*, instead of the two commute-tors 154: and'155 illustrated in Fig. 1; and the single wnimntator arrangement is illustrated 'in'lz'he fragmentary Fig. 2; it'being linden stood that the circuits and instruments of this figure are the same nsin Fig. 1, except for the slight. changes with respect to conductor 11 occasioned by the provision of n single eomniutator'only', and which are upperent in Fi 2.

' The naming frequency of generators 4: and 5 should be as nearl is-possible that of the normal frequency of the alternating current, causing the disturbance, nndindeed,'it is desirable-that the motor 22 driving the eorrece ing generogtois m d-,co'mmutators shellshe a mow! 0f the syhohrdnons type deriving its current from the power system or circuit the disturbance I f this he done, and

v.115 the phase relation between such Ino'ior and the voltag the phase of the. disturbance:

- communion-iion-- iines 12 the denimwith. i l f h ermin gen- -eretors .the phase of the other geuerator'he: ing amusiaed' once for all to correspond wish If there be a difference between the actual freqneney of the current in circuit 3-end the normal he quency of generators 4- and 5, the actual fiequency generated by cmnbiiiangi on of the component frequencies of generators 4eand 5),, under the control above described, wiii he the same as the netiml frequency in circuit 3.

This-is 'iliusiarilted in Fig; 3. Fig. 3 shows the 'c-mreetin generator connected-be tween-the-gronnd"t,er nin:1i of the qoinn unie. cat on 'iyfiiilll and the terminal 'bns hm of that'system yphn-t being the desirable-location for the correcting genorntor or generators when. the source of the disturh ne is at or near one terminal of the line, I13. is i inn iy te'rig hxin Ill gen al-n1 sense, whether the infln:

generator or gen control line 11'. and inductively, as by the transformer 62%? shown in Fig 1., or by piecing the correcting generator engraver-41;

I tors-directly in said lines 11 end 12, ills-in Fig,

3. In I ig. 2! I. have notshown the telegraph transmitting and EQCfilVlhg instruments and genei ntdrs-. u'f thels stern of oommu mcs hion the voltage at;

u t dorms chnn oter. of com-e in detail. but have represented them din: r mmati a y by m t-k he method and a mar-ates above descmihmi are equally appli a e to the earean of r mpen a on fo nlwnmting'eurren ground potent-i111. Fig, 3 may. he understood, 'to, rep.- iesent. this oonflition also, control conductor li-heing understood to extend to n point snf-.j fieiently distunt in he free from the earth potential (1 is nrhn nee; n In! there to begrmind ed. If djstin-hmlce of enrth potential 'q fisi ut gl'oluldillg' point 1 n current will flow through conductor 11 to the distent ground,- in l po nt, except es such disgurhunee be new e i d by h cor ec ing gen ra er g enetors, as previously (ifiSQIIbQCi.

Fig: sh ws a somewhat simplifi d. oerrooting arrnngenient, in time provision to prevent hunting of the 'cql reetinfi genomton's s not made; such prov s on ein g not WWW; rom aid: batt ries o r ley nd 26 a t r-er Ihe u h r l s es tw npo cd megn i wile hich re ei Qur e t lterna felyi so hur he. a metuw is named. t v br e, The arma ur eed muta Reins 0 Pit h liesren I the. new time pn' seb i.

endin I or reohng enem en 1 hai tha U the en rehen o fin an:

panama, it the cor-nee me be 4 9* g eeii lli (mmplehe, the nn njl e at why will he u d o linger: '1" one. Ar-the eth r f ts ente t it neeihei uiiy to au e. he a ma ure of en): er th o her f relswfi 2?: i 6 he orr spon ingly t'w la enmiture whieh i "in em end'th s d o W hll' i lingers denim: m; n he th inn requ red}, herein m1 at magneton of ding gen reteefield coil and. sensing-that eneeiter ti -build en 1 reito e w fi t e no. when, i' i In His h ea Qevreet-ies generator e 'h'enefomne 6= 7 msteneni eni at that (if gene? in seed sense. w her ee; generate he e t own transforms ee'ie ig! er 1!. ther he we genera-tars cine ate in series through e I WIl -Y e sine e. trensfnneee in ez-i 1-. hi bath th HEWMS, sift-he prolonging the per the dorreepon t i -genoiranois an ee nhinixi, as i duced in conductors 11. end 12,

lhe nnnzu gemen; shmvn in Fig, 5 is Simi .g f. surreal; 2- three h the field (the pererator. being driven from the source of alternating potential disturbance, and being a synchronous motor, only one ccn'recting generator. I. is required. Also. in the. Fig. .3 arrangement the current for the operation of llt'ltl control relay. 2-"). is supplied by a transformer 2!l----Iltl.from altcrnat ing current Sotll' l' Z5. and that relay has only one magnet coil. distributing rectifier 27 being omitted.

What I claim is:

l. The herein described method of correcting tor alternating urrent disturbance in systems of connnunication \xhich comprisrs opposing to the disturbing alternating voltage a voltage of the same lreipicnov and phase and'of oppositesign and automatically regulating such opposing voltag in accordance with variations of the dirturbing voltage.

2. 'lhe herein described method of cor- "ecting t'or alternating current disturbance in systems of communication \\'ltlt'li f'nl1lprises operating, a plurality of alternating current generators at substantially the ire- 1llt'l] oi the disturbing alternating voltage and with a pha e dill'erencc between them, combining the currents produced by said generators. and regulating the voltage prodnred by said generators to produce a combinedalternating voltage of substantially the same frequency and phase as the dis turbing voltage but of opposite sign, and

opposing the disturbing voltage in such system of communication with the combined voltage so created.

3. The her in described method of cor recting for alternating current disturbance 'in S \'stcnls of communication which comprises producing an alternating correcting voltage ol substantially the same frequency aud phase as the disturbing voltage. but. of

opposite sign and opposing the. disturbing voltage in such system by said correcting voltage. and automatically regulating the value. of such correcting voltage by flow of current in a control conductor exposed, like such system. to the influence of the. alter-- nating current. disturbance.

4. The herein described method f correnting for alternating current disturbance in systems of connnunication, which comprises operating a plurality of, alternating current generators at substantially the frequency of the disturbing alternating voltage and with a phase ditl'erence between them, combining the currents produced by'said generators and in so doing producin a combined correcting voltage of substantially the same friayuency arid phase as the. disturbing voltage but of opposite 'sign and opposing the disturbing voltage'in'such system by said correcting voltage. and controlling separately the voltage produced bygeach such generator by flow of current in a controlconductor exposed. like such system, to the influence of the alternating current disturbancc.

.3. The herein described method of cor rccting for alternating current disturbance in systems of coinnulnication which com prises operating two alternating current generators at substantially ninety degrees phase difference respectively and at; substan tially the frequency of the disturbing voltage, combining the currents produced by said generators and regulating the \oltage produced by said generators to producea combined alternating voltage of substantially the 'same frequency and phase as the disturbing voltage but of opposite sign, and opposing the disturbing voltage in said'system of communication with the combined voltage so created.

6. The herein described method of correcting for alternating current disturbance in systems of comniunicat-iom which co prises operating two alternating current generators at substantially ninety degrees phase diti'erence respectively and at su stantially the frequency of the disturbing volt age. combining the currents produced by said generators and controlling separately the voltage produced by each of such generators by tlow of current in a control conductor exposed. like such system. to the influence of the alternating current disturbance. and thereby producing a combined correcting voltage of substantially the same. frequency, phase and value as the disturbing potential, but. of opposite sign. and opposing the dis turbing voltage. in such system with the said correcting voltage so produced.

7. The combination with a system of communication comprising a main conductor 'and a control conductor, of alternating current generating means. comprising means for opposing the influence of the voltagegenerated thereby to alternating current. voltage otherwise present in said main and control conductors, and automatic means. operated by tlow of current through said control conductor. for regulating the voltage voltage otherwise present in said main and control conductors. and automatic means. operated by flow of current through sa1d control conductor. for regulating the phase of the voltage produced by such generating means.

9; The combination with a system of com nulnieatiou coi'nprising a main conductor and a control conductor, of alternating current, generating means, comprising means for opposing thc influence of the voltage "generated therein tonltcrnatii-ig current and phase of the voltage produced l such generating means.

10. The' combmation \\'ith a Sytittlll of connnunication of alternating current generating means comprising means for opposing the voltage generated thereby lo altrrmating currentroltageotherwlse Plcn'kllt in said system. and automatic means for controlling the opposing voltage '50 generated in accordance with the said voltage otherwise present-in the system.

11. The combination with a system of communication, of alternating currcut grir crating means comprising moans for opposing the voltage generated thereby to altcn noting current voltage other-Wino prrncnt in said systcm, and autonomic means for con trolling; the phase of the opposing voltage so generated to correspond in phasr with the said voltage othcrwisc present in tho system. r

'12. The combination with a srslcin of communication of alternating current {.{Wk crating means comprising means for opposing the voltage generate-(l thereby to altar- -nating current voltage otherwise prcsvnt in said system, and automatic means for controlling the value and phase of the opposing voltage so generated to corrospmul in phase with the said voltage otherwise prcxeut ill 5 the system. i

13. The combination with a system of communication. of alternating currentgencrating means comprising means fol-opposing the voltage generated then-eh In :iltcrinating current voltage otherwise prcsanl. in

opposing volta go said system, and comprising also automatic ficlcl'control means operated in :iccrnflamcc with flow on:- alternating cnl'rmli; in such system.

14. The combination with a s vntcm of communication, of a plurality of alternating current genorntors comprising moans for opposing the voll'agc generated fhcrnhy to alternating current .roltagc otherwise present in said system, and comprisingnlso field control moanS-opcratcri in acoorrlanro with now of nltcrim-ting current; in such :{rsl'cmand operating to rcoulatr such grnrrators separately hut in harmony to produce an corrospnntlmg In phase.

' and valuo to .tho saitl altcrnating current;

i oltagc"othrrn'isc prcsont in (he systom.

15. The combination ivith a systcm of communication, of two alternating curr'cntgenerators arranged to operate at. tho same frequency. but at approximately ninety rlagrccs phaso (lificronco anti comprising: moans for opposing tho voltage generated by them to alternating current volt-ago otherwise present in the system. and ,fiehl control means for said generators opcratml in accordance with alternating current How in said system and comprising means for rogulating the voltage produced by Silltl gonorators separately hut in harlnonr to produce an opposing voltage currcspomliug in phase and value. to the said alternating currrnt roltagc otherwise present in the slalom.

16. The combination with a system of communication. 05a control conductor, ulternating"current generating means comprlsing incnnn for opposing the voltage generated by it to altrnating current vollage otherwise present in said system ancl control conductor, and field control moans for said generating means comprising relay nicans controlled by currrut flow in said control conductor. I

1?. The combination with a system ot communication. of a control cmuluctor altcrnating current. generating moans coinprising means for opposing the vollago goneralerl by it. to alternating currcni i'olfagc othrrwisc present. in said system and contr l conductor, and lichl control means for said generating :ncans' comprising relay llltilnfi controlling duration and direction of current flow through the field, other relay moans controlled by current. flow in said control. conductor, and current rectifying moans operating in synchronium with said altcrnat ing current generatin means and operabing in cc mncct-inn with one of said relay means to rectify the operating current thereof.

13. The combination with a system of communication, ofn control conductor, two alternating current generators arranged to opomte at the same frequency but at approximately ninety dcgrces phase difference, anrl comprising moans for opposing the voltage generated by them to alternating current. voltage otherwise present in said system and control concluctor, and ficltl control means for said generators co n rising relay Inca-n5 controlled by current low in said control conductor.

19.Tho combination with a system of current flow through the fields of said gonerators, other relay means controlled by current flow in said control conrloctor, and current rectifyin means (wanting in synchronism with sind alternating current gencrat-ors and operating in connection with one of said relay means to rectify the operating current thereof.

20. The combination with a system of communication, of a control conductor, alternating current generating means comprising means for opposing the voltage generated by it to alternatil'ig current voltage otherwise present in said system and control conductor, and field control and hunting preventing means for said generating means comprising means controlled by current flow in said control conductor.

21. The combination with a system of communication, of a control conductor, alternating current generating n'leans com prising means for opposing the voltage generated by it to alternating current voltage otherwise present in said system and control conductor, and field control and hunting preventing means for said generating means comprising self-vibrating relay means con-- trolling duration and direction of How of current through the field of said generating means and itself controlled by current flow through said control conductor.

22. The combination with a system of communication, of a control conductor, alternating current generating means comprising means for opposing the voltage generated by it to alternating current voltage otherwise present in aid system and control conductor, and field control and hunting preventing means for said generating means comprising two polar relays arranged each to reverse the other and together constituting a self-vibratory relay combination, one of said relays comprising means for reversing by its vl. nation the flow of current through the tield of said generating means, the other of said relays comprising means for its control by the current flowing through said. control conductor, and means for rectifying, with respect to said last-mentioned relay, the current flowing through said control conductor.

In testimony whet ii l have signed this specification in tin:- prose-ma: of two subsonic ing witnesses.

P. U1 ii. i 

